Kingdom of Sardinia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article deals with the entire history of the kingdom of Sardinia. For the Savoyard kingdom of 1720–1861, see Piedmont-Sardinia. For the earlier kingdom, see Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica.

Kingdom of Sardinia Regno di Sardegna (it) Regn 'd Sardëgna (pms) Regnu Sardu (srd)
← ← 1297–1861 →
Flag (1816–1848) Coat of arms
Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815: Mainland Piedmont with Savoy, Nice, Genoa and the island of Sardinia.
Capital	Cagliari, Turin
Language(s)	Italian, Sardinian, French, Piedmontese, Occitan
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Government	Monarchy
King
- 1297-1327	James II of Aragon
- 1849–61	Victor Emmanuel II
Legislature	Stamenti (until 1848)
- Upper house	Subalpine Senate (since 1848)
- Lower house	Chamber of Deputies (since 1848)
History
- In Rome, James II of Aragon is crowned King of Sardinia by Pope Boniface VIII	April 04 1297
- Battle of Lucocisterna	Febbruary 29, 1324
- Battle of Sanluri,	June 30, 1409
- Treaty of The Hague	Febbruary 20, 1720
- Constitution	March 4, 1848
- Italian unification	March 17, 1861
Population
- 1859 est.	4,650,368
Currency	Piedmontese scudo (Mainland, 1720–1800) Sardinian scudo (Island, 1720–1821) Sardinian lira (1816–1861)

The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire (1297–1720),^[1] and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy (1720–1861). Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the mainland. The kingdom was formed by Pope Boniface VIII from a papal claim to the islands of Corsica and Sardinia in 1297 and bestowed, as a vassal of the Holy See, on James II of Aragon.^[1] It was not until 1324 that James launched a military campaign to take control of his kingdom, and not until 1410 that the last native resisters fell. In 1416 the first of a long line of viceroys was appointed, and in 1420 the last competing claim to the island was bought out.

From 1516 the Aragonese and by extension the Sardinian crown were in personal union with the Kingdom of Castile and thus formed a part of the much larger Spanish Empire.^[1] During this period the Spanish language was introduced for administration. In 1713, following the War of the Spanish Succession, the Kingdom of Sardinia was ceded to the Habsburgs by the Treaty of Utrecht, effectively a consolation prize for the loss of their Spanish kingdoms. By the same treaty Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, received the Kingdom of Sicily, supplying him with the coveted royal rank.^[2] By 1720 the balance of power had shifted again and the House of Savoy was forced to exchange Sicily with the Habsburgs for Sardinia (Treaty of The Hague). At that time the Kingdom of Sardinia refers to the states of the House of Savoy from 1720 or 1723 onwards (also known as Piedmont-Sardinia),  following the award of the crown of Sardinia to King Victor Amadeus II of Savoy under the Treaty of The Hague (1720).
After 1720 the kingdom became a composite state and besides Sardinia included Duchy of Savoy, Piedmont, Nice, Duchy of Aosta, Duchy of Monferrato, Vercelli and Asti, the Marquisate of Saluzzo and part of the Duchy of Milan; Ligurian Republic, including Genoa, was added by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Officially, the nation's name was Kingdom of Sardinia;^[1] the House of Savoy maintaining a national claim to the thrones of Cyprus and Jerusalem, although both had long been under Ottoman rule and never conquered (the title was merely a formal title). In 1860, Nice and Savoy were ceded to France in return for French consent and assistance in Italian unification. In 1861, the Kingdom of Sardinia became the founding state of the new Kingdom of Italy, annexing all other Italian states. The Kingdom thus continued in legal continuity with the actual Italian state, to which it transferred all its institutions first to Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) and after to Italian Republic.<sup>[1]

sumber :  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia#Early_history_of_Kingdom_of_Sardinia</sup>